DMX address — what it is and why it matters
Want lights that behave predictably during a show? The DMX address is the single most important setting you’ll deal with when working with stage or studio lighting. A DMX address tells a fixture which channel number on a DMX512 stream it should listen to. If addresses clash or are set wrong, fixtures jump, stay dark, or react out of order.
DMX runs in universes of 512 channels. Each fixture uses one or more channels depending on its complexity. A simple par can use 1 channel, an LED bar might use 3–5, and a moving head can use 16 or more. You assign a starting or "start" address so the console knows where that fixture’s channels begin in the universe.
How to set a DMX address (quick, practical steps)
1. Check the fixture manual. Find the channel mode and channel count—this tells you how many addresses the fixture will occupy.
2. Choose a free start address. Keep fixtures that should act together close in channel space to make programming easier.
3. Set the address on the fixture. Older gear uses DIP switches: convert the decimal start address to switch positions. Newer gear uses a menu or touchscreen—enter the start address directly.
4. Patch the fixture in your console or software to the same start address and channel mode. If your console calls it "Address" or "Start," use that number.
5. Test a single channel first. Send a basic command (intensity or pan/tilt) to verify the correct fixture responds. If not, double-check wiring and address numbers.
Common mistakes and quick fixes
Duplicate addresses. Two fixtures on the same start address will mirror each other. Fix: reassign one so their channel ranges don’t overlap. Use a simple chart or spreadsheet to plan addresses before you set them.
Wrong channel mode. A fixture set to 16-channel mode will shift if the console is patched for 8-channel mode. Match the fixture mode to the console patch exactly.
Bad cabling or missing terminator. DMX is a daisy-chain. Use a 120-ohm terminator at the last fixture and check XLR pins (1-ground, 2-data-, 3-data+). Bad cables cause flicker or no response.
Universe mix-up. If you use multiple universes, confirm the console is outputting to the same universe your fixtures are patched on.
Quick tips: label every fixture with its start address, keep a printed patch, and set aside time to map channel ranges before a show. With clear addressing and consistent patching, troubleshooting becomes fast and predictable.
Got a specific fixture or a tricky setup? Describe the gear and controller and you’ll get targeted steps to fix it fast.
How to set a DMX address for stage lighting equipment?
Setting a DMX address for stage lighting equipment is an essential task for any lighting technician. First, you need to understand that each lighting fixture on a DMX universe requires a unique address. The process involves selecting the right mode on your lighting console, then assigning an address to your fixture. Remember that the number you assign should correspond to the DMX channel you want the light to respond to. It may seem tricky, but with practice, you'll be setting up your stage lighting like a pro in no time!
27.07.23
Maverick Renfield
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